Applied Physics I
BS-105
Introduction to Thermodynamics: Fundamental ideas of thermodynamics, the continuum model, concept of system, state, equilibrium and process. Equations of state, heat, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, work, first and second laws of thermodynamics, entropy.
Waves and Oscillations: wave motion, simple harmonic motion, wave equation, superposition principle. Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory: Maxwell’s equations, work done by electromagnetic field, Poynting theorem, momentum and angular momentum in electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves: wave equation, plane waves, energy transport.
Interference: Young’s double slit experiment, Fresnel’s biprism, interference by division of amplitude (thin films, Newton’s rings, Michelson interferometer). Coherence and coherent sources. Diffraction: Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction, single slit, double slit, diffraction grating. Resolving power of optical instruments. Polarization: Brewster’s law, Malus law, optical activity, Nicol prism, quarter and half wave plates.
Theory of relativity: Michelson-Morley experiment, inertial frames, Galilean transformations, postulates of special relativity, Lorentz transformations, time dilation, length contraction, mass-energy equivalence. Laser Physics: Introduction, coherence, Einstein A and B coefficients, population inversion, working of He-Ne and Ruby laser.