Environmental Engineering
CEC-210
Water Demand: Various types of Water demands, factors affecting per capita demand, variations in demand, population forecasting by various methods, design life and design discharge of different units in water scheme Sources of Water: Ground water development, types of geological formations, different forms of extraction of ground water, yield of open well and tube well. Water Quality Parameters (WQP): physical WQP–Suspended solids, turbidity, colour, taste & odour, Temperature; Chemical WQP–Total dissolved solids, alkalinity, pH, hardness, chloride & nitrogen content, fluorides, metals and gases; Biological WQP–Membrane filter technique, most probable number test.
Transmission of Water: Various types of conduits, capacity and sizes including economical sizes of rising main, structural requirements, laying and testing of water supply pipelines, pipe materials, joints, appurtenances and valves, leakages and control. Storage and Distribution System: Methods of distribution, pressure and gravity distribution systems, Concept of service and balancing reservoirs, Capacity of distribution reservoirs–general design guidelines for distribution system.
Treatment of water: Objectives of water treatment, process details and design considerations of treatment units such as screening, aeration, sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, theory of filtration, hydraulics of filtration, slow sand, rapid sand and pressure filters, backwashing, design of slow and rapid sand filters, operational troubles in rapid sand filter, different methods of disinfection, requirements of an ideal disinfectant, chlorination and practices of chlorination, water softening and ion‐exchange process, Minor methods of treatments such as treatment with activated carbon, copper sulphate, deferrization, fluoridation, de‐fluoridation, desalination and reverse osmosis.
Air Pollution and Control: Introduction, primary and secondary air pollutants, their sources and effects, super adiabatic, sub adiabatic, and neutral environment, inversion, types of plumes, Control of gaseous and particulate air pollutants. Noise Pollution: Introduction, level of noise, rating of noise.