Transportation Engineering
CEC-212
Basic concepts: Advantages of a DBMS over file processing system, Data Abstraction, Database Languages, Data Independence. Components of a DBMS and overall structure of a DBMS, Three views of Data (External View, Conceptual View, Internal View), Three level architecture of DBMS, Data Independence, Client Server Architecture SQL: Data definition language, Data manipulation language, SQL, Object naming conventions, Object naming guidelines, Data types, Tables (Creating, Inserting, Updating and deleting tables and using constraints), Views, Indexes SQL Command :‐ DESCRIBE, SELECT, WHERE CLAUSE, DISTINCT CLAUSE, ORDER BY, HAVING, LOGICAL OPERATIONS, SQL OPERATORS, JOIN Aggregate functions, String functions and date time functions, Null values
ER Model : Entity sets and relationship sets‐ Attributes ‐ Keys in entity and relationship sets : (a) Super Key (b) Candidate Key (c) Primary Key (e) Unique Key ‐ Mapping constraints, Participation Constraint, E‐R diagram, Notations. Strong Entity Set and Weak Entity Set Relation Model: Advantages, Disadvantages, Codd's 12 rules, Definition of Relations, Schema, Sub schema. Relational Model Constraints (Domain, Tuple Uniqueness, Key Constraints, Integrity Constraints, Entity constraints). Relations algebra (Basic operation: Union intersection difference and Cartesian product), Additional Relational Algebraic Operations (Projection, Selection rows, Division, rename and join ), Converting ER Model to Relational Model
Relational Database Design: Purpose of Normalization, Data redundancy and updating anomalies, Functional Dependencies and Decomposition, Process of Normalization using 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, multivalued dependencies and BCNF, Forth Normal Form, Fifth Normal Form Database Programming: User defined function, Control of flow statement, Procedures/Stored procedures, triggers, granting and revoking. NO‐SQL: Introduction, Usages and Application.
Properties of Transaction, Transaction states, Transaction Schedule, Serializability, Concurrency control techniques, locking techniques, time stamp ordering, Recoverable schedules, granularity of data items, Deadlock detection and Recovery, recovery techniques: recovery concepts, database backup and recovery from catastrophic failures. Security: Authorization and View‐ Security constraints ‐ Integrity Constraints‐ Encryption CAD/CAM and database management: The need for CAD/CAM Database management system, CAD/CAM applications using DBMS